4.3 Logistics

Logistics in battery cell manufacturing plays a critical role in ensuring a smooth, safe, and high-quality production of cells. It spans the entire material flow from the arrival of raw materials to the shipment of finished cells and can be divided into inbound, internal, and outbound logistics.

• Inbound logistics covers everything from receiving supplier shipments to transferring materials into storage or controlled environments. Materials must be carefully unpacked, inspected, and often repacked into cleanroom-suitable containers to prevent particle contamination. Sensitive components like electrode powders or separator films also require temperature and humidity acclimatization before entering dry rooms or clean zones.
• Internal logistics manages the complex flow of raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP), supporting supplies, and waste throughout the plant. Battery production demands extreme cleanliness, precise traceability, and careful handling—especially during formation and ageing, where partially finished cells move through tightly controlled stages over several days. Supporting materials such as gloves, tools, and solvents must also be continuously stocked and safely handled. Waste streams—ranging from scrap materials to electrolyte-contaminated disposables—require strict segregation and disposal procedures for safety and compliance.
• Outbound logistics ensures finished cells are inspected, safely packaged, and shipped to customers or downstream partners in full regulatory compliance. Final products are often staged in specialized outbound zones and transported using certified hazardous goods carriers, with detailed documentation and labeling.

Across all stages, logistics enables not just the physical movement of materials, but also quality assurance, process stability, and operational efficiency, making it a foundational pillar of successful battery cell manufacturing.